Assignment 1. Getting to know your system

Laboratory: Linux scavenger hunt

Instructions: Use the commands that you learned in class to find answers to these questions. Don't use a search engine like Google, and don't ask your neighbor. If you need a hint, ask the TA. When you find a new command, run it so you can see exactly how it works. In addition to turning the answers to these questions, turn in a transcript of your session discovering them. The command

script lab1.log

records a transcript in lab1.log for you.

Because of the live-CD nature of the KNOPPIX installation, all the files on the system are located in both the /KNOPPIX and /UNIONFS directories instead of just in the / directory. None of the answers should differ because of this, but you should answer the questions as if the files were simply in /.

1. How can you get man to print all the commands that have a specific word in their man page (or at least the description part of the man page)? (hint: man man)
2. Where is the ls program located in the file system?
3. What other program, with a two letter name is in the same directory as ls and lets you make links between files?
4. When mail is delivered, it goes into a file named after the recipient. These email files are located in a subdirectory called mail. Where is the mail subdirectory located?
5. What related directory also links to the mail subdirectory?
6. The chmod program changes permissions on a file. What does the lower-case letter s mean in a permission?
7. The find program lets you search for files. What program, related to find, lets you do the same thing faster?
8. What option to find lets you search for files that have a specific permission?
9. Use the previous answer to find all directories with the sticky bit set.
10. Of the files in the same directory as ls, how many of them are set-user-ID on execution?
11. Who is the author of the printf program? Note that this question refers to the standard executable program called printf, not the built-in shell utility printf.
12. What other functions have function prototypes in the man page for the printf C function?
13. Several useful commands start with wh. Which one will tell me my name? Which one will tell me what the previous one does? Which one will tell me the location of the program that will run if where to type the program name at the prompt?
14. In vi, what does the cw command (in command mode) do? (hint: vi has built-in help)
15. What's the difference between cat and tac?

Homework: Learning to use vi and Emacs

• Ben Yoshino, Mastering the VI editor (2002)
• Keith Waclena, A Tutorial Introduction to GNU Emacs (2005)

For all the exercises, record the steps taken to accomplish the given tasks.

To start, download the gzipped tarball hw1.tgz with the files needed for the exercise.

To extract the file from the tarball, you can run the command:

gzip -cd hw1.tgz | tar xvf -

Exercise 1.1v: Moving around in vi

1. Use vi to edit the file exer1.txt.
2. Move the cursor to somewhere in the line that contains the text "1400 Wilson Boulevard".
3. Move the cursor to somewhere in the line that contains the text "Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency".
4. Move the cursor to the first letter of the word "Defense".
5. Move the cursor to the first letter of the word "Projects".
6. Move the cursor to the end of the current line.
7. Move the cursor to the beginning of the current line.
8. Move the cursor back to somewhere in the first line of the file.
9. Have you been moving the cursor using the arrow keys? If so, repeat the above, without using the arrow keys.
10. Doing the above tasks with the arrow keys takes many keystrokes, or it involves holding down keys for a long time. Can you think of a way to do it with fewer keystrokes by using some of the commands available in vi?
11. When you are done, exit vi.

Exercise 1.2v: Deleting text in vi

1. Use vi to edit the file exer2.txt. This file is similar to exer1.txt, except with some extra text added. The idea is to delete the extra text so the two files become identical.
2. Delete "ASDF" from the first line.
3. Delete the word "DELETEME " from the 13th line.
4. Delete the words " DELETEME DELETEME DELETEME" from the 15th line.
5. Delete the 21st line.

Once again, try to accomplish the tasks using a small number of keystrokes. When you are done, save the file and exit back to the command line. You can make sure you finished the exercise by comparing the two files, using the following command:

diff exer1.txt exer1.txt

If there's no text output except the command prompt, then the two files are identical.

Exercise 1.3v: Inserting text in vi

1. Use vi to edit the file exer3.txt. This file is similar to exer1.txt, except some text is missing. The idea is to add the missing text so that the two files become identical.
2. Insert the word "Advanced " on line 13 after the word "Defense".
3. Insert the word " Way" to the end of line 22.
4. Insert a blank line after line 23.
5. When you finish, save the text file and exit vi. As before, use the diff command to check your work.

Exercise 1.4v: Other common tasks in vi

In additional to inserting and deleting text, there are other common tasks that you should know, like copy and paste, search and replace, and undo.

1. Use vi to edit the file exer4.txt. Once again, the idea is to edit the file to be identical to exer1.txt.
2. Cut the words "Processing Techniques Office" and paste it to line 14.
3. Copy the words "September 1981" and paste it to line 25.
4. Paste the words to line 2.
5. … except we didn't really want to do that, undo the paste command.
6. Now let's try some search and replaces. Search the text document for the pattern "er". How many instances did you find? You might have noticed the word "California" is misspelled. Use the search and replace function to replace all misspelled instances at once.

Exercises 1.1e through 1.4e

These exercises are the same as Exercises 1.1v through 1.4v, except using Emacs rather than vi. Start with fresh copies of all the input files by removing the modified versions of the files and re-extracting them from the gzipped tarball.

Submit

Submit the following files.

lab1.log

as described above.

lab1.txt

Answers to each lab question, along with a very brief description of how you can easily find such the answer from a new KNOPPIX system, the next time you need the answer.

hw1.txt

For each homework exercise, the set of keystrokes needed to do the exercise. Attempt to use as few keystrokes as possible. Do not bother to write down the keystrokes needed to start the editor (e.g., v i SP e x e r 1 . t x t Enter). Write down the label of the key for each keystroke, e.g., "a", "A" (if you type "a" while holding down the shift key), "Tab", "Enter", "Esc". Use SP for space. Use prefix "C-" and "M-" for control and meta characters: e.g., C-f represents Control-F, and M-f represents Meta-F. Put a space between each pair of keystroke representations. For example: e m a c s < v i Backspace Backspace Backspace > v i. If you use some key not described above, invent your own ASCII name for the key and explain what key you mean, but don't put spaces in your key name.

The .txt files should be ASCII text files, with no carriage returns, and with no more than 80 columns per line. The shell command:

awk '/\r/ || 80 < length' lab1.txt hw1.txt

should output nothing.