Binary Numbers and Computers

Some History

The very first computers were made out of hundreds of vacuum tubes and switches.
The vacuum tubes, shaped like light bulbs, determined the flow of electric current.
As technology advanced, scientists and engineers developed new components that are much smaller but still behave in the same manner as the vacuum tubes and switches.

How do computers work?

You can still think of a computer as a collection of on-off switches.
The only thing that a computer knows is the position of its internal switches.
When a switch is in the on position, the computer thinks of it as a 1.
And when a switch is in the off position, the computer thinks of it as a 0.
Look at the animation and see how the right most digit determines whether the light is on or off.
Computers use numbers that are represented in binary, since they only work with 0's and 1's.

Return to the main page